Jednoduchý minulý čas v angličtině

Monika P.

Použití :

v Děj, který začal i skončil v minulosti

I saw a movie yesterday.

Last year, I didn’t travel to Korea.

He washed his car last week.

v Krátkodobá činnost v minulosti 

Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

We sat at the beach all day.

They did not stay at the party the entire time.

Typické výrazy pro jednoduchý minulý čas:

yesterday, last year, last week,…  ago, before, when, then, once.

Kladná věta (oznamovací) :

Osoba + pravidelné sloveso + přípona ed

We finished two hours ago.

She lived in Paris.

I studied French when I was a child.

Tom worked last Sunday.

He cleaned his car yesterday.

NEBO !!!

Osoba + nepravidelné sloveso z 2. sloupce (viz tab.)

I swam yesterday.

He broke a cup yesterday.

They came to see us at the weekend.

We wrote a letter for him.

She gave us a lot of homework.

Záporná věta (oznamovací) :

Osoba + DIDN’T  + sloveso v základním tvaru

He didn’t swim.

They didn’t play the piano.

We didn’t see a play yesterday.

Otázka :

(Otázkové zájmeno) + were/ was + osoba + …?

Where were you yesterday?

When was your exam?

Was the party good?

Were the people interesting?

(Otázkové zájmeno) + Did + osoba + sloveso v základním tvaru ?

Did he finish yesterday?

Did she speak to my uncle?

Did you hear me?

When did Anna start school?

What did they buy yesterday?

Nepravidelná slovesa

Překlad Infinitiv Past tense
být be was/were
stát se become [bi’kam] became [bi‘keim]
začít begin [bi’gin] began [bi’gaen]
porušit, zlomit break [breik] broke [brouk]
přinést bring [brin] brought [bro:t]
postavit build [bild] built [bilt]
hořet burn [be:n] burnt [be:nt]
koupit buy [bai] bought [bo:t]
stihnout catch [kaeč] caught [ko:t]
vybrat si choose [ču:z] chose [čouz]
přijít come [kam] came [keim]
stát cost [kost] cost [kost]
krájet cut [kat] cut [kat]
dělát do [du:] did [did]
táhnout draw [dro:] drew [dru:]
pít drink [drink] drank [draenk]
řídit (auto) drive [draiv] drove [drouv]
jíst eat [i:t] ate [et]
padat fall [fo:l] fell [fel]
krmit feed [fi:d] fed [fed]
cítit feel [fi:l] felt [felt]
bojovat fight [fait] fought [fo:t]
hledat find [faind] found [faund]
letět fly [flai] flew [flu:]
zapomenout forget [fe’get] forgot [fe’got]
dostat get [get] got [got]
dát give [giv] gave [geiv]
jít go [gou] went [went]
růst grow [grou] grew [gru:]
mít have [haev] had [haed]
slyšet hear [hie] heard [he:d]
skrýt hide [haid] hid [hid]
udeřit hit [hit] hit [hit]
zranit hurt [he:t] hurt [he:t]
dodržovat keep [ki:p] kept [kept]
vědět know [nou] knew [nju:]
učit se learn [le:n] learnt [le:nt]
nechat, opustit leave [li:v] left [left]
půjčit lend [lend] lent [lent]
nechat let [let] let [let]
rozsvítit light [lait] lit [lit]
vyrábět make [meik] made [meid]
setkat se meet [mi:t] met [met]
platit pay [pei] paid [peid]
dát, položit put [put] put [put]
číst read [ri:d] read [red]
jezdit ride [raid] rode [roud]
zvonit ring [rin] rang [raen]
stoupat rise [raiz] rose [rouz]
běžet run [ran] ran [raen]
říkat say [sei] said [sed]
vidět see [si:] saw [so:]
prodat sell [sel] sold [sould]
poslat send [send] sent [sent]
postavit, nastavit set [set] set [set]
ukázat show [šou] showed [šoud]
zpívat sing [sin] sang [saen]
sedět sit [sit] sat [saet]
spát sleep [sli:p] slept [slept]
cítit zápach smell [smel] smelt [smelt]
mluvit speak [spi:k] spoke [spouk]
hláskovat, psát pravopisně spell [spel] spelt [spelt]
ukrást steal [sti:l] stole [stoul]
plavat swim [swim] swam [swaem]
vzít take [teik] took [tuk]
učit teach [ti:č] taught [to:t]
říct tell [tel] told [tould]
myslet think [θink] thought [θo:t]
házet throw [θrou] threw [θru:]
rozumět understand understood […stud]
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